An Analog Front End (AFE) is an essential component in data acquisition systems, serving as the bridge between the real world and digital electronics. Its main function is to process and prepare analog signals—like temperature, pressure, or sound—from various sensors for digital conversion and further analysis. An AFE typically amplifies, filters, and sometimes even conditions the signal, to ensure that the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can read it accurately. This process is vital in maintaining signal integrity by reducing noise and amplifying the relevant signal to an optimal level for precise digital conversion.

The main uses of Analog Front Ends are found in areas that require precise data gathering from physical events, such as medical imaging, industrial control, and instrumentation. In medical devices like ECG machines, an AFE ensures accurate capture of bio-signals. In industrial settings, it assists in monitoring system performances and environmental conditions by ensuring that sensor data is accurately relayed to control systems. Some prominent characteristics of an AFE include low noise performance, high input impedance, and the ability to handle a wide range of signal levels. Key manufacturers specializing in AFE components include Texas Instruments, Analog Devices, Maxim Integrated, and Microchip Technology.